Ngaphambi kokuthi izicuphe, ukuxilonga, noma ukwelashwa kube nengqondo, umbono owodwa kufanele ufike kuqala: ku-MCAS inkinga akukona ukuthi mangaki ama-mass cell onawo - yindlela ashesha ngayo ukudubula.
Ama-mast cells awazona izitha. Angamanye amathuluzi amadala futhi awusizo kakhulu amasosha omzimba - yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu lapho engaziphathi kahle.
I-mast cell wuhlobo lwengqamuzana elimhlophe legazi elihlala esicutshini kunokuba lijikeleze ngokukhululeka egazini. Kuthatha indawo yokuhlala nomaphi lapho umzimba wakho uhlangana khona nomhlaba wangaphandle - isikhumba, imigudu yomoya, ulwelwesi lwamathumbu, kanye nezicubu ezizungeze imithambo yegazi nezinzwa. Lokho kubekwa kwenziwa ngamabomu. Amaseli amakhulu angabalindi, amiswe emingceleni.
Ngayinye igcwele ama-granules: ama-vesicles amancane okugcina aphethe izithunywa zamakhemikhali ezenziwe ngaphambilini, noma abalamuli. Lapho i-mast cell ithola usongo lwangempela, iyawohloka - ilahle labo balamuli esicutshini esizungezile ngemizuzwana. Imithambo yegazi iyavuleka, uketshezi luyangena, izinzwa ziyavutha, namangqamuzana omzimba omzimba ayabizwa. Lokho obhekana nakho njengokuvuvukala, ukulunywa, noma ikhala eligelezayo unqenqema olubonakalayo lwaleyo nqubo esebenza njengoba iklanywe.
Lena biology ewusizo. Ama-mast cell asiza ukulwa nezimuncagazi, ahlanze ubuthi ngemva kokulunywa, aqondise ukuphulukiswa kwesilonda, futhi agcine umgoqo phakathi kwakho nendawo okuyo. Esimisweni sokuzivikela esinempilo zinembile: zisabela ezinsongweni zangempela ngokulingana, bese ziyathula.
Imininingwane ebalulekile yokuqonda i-MCAS isivinini. Amaseli e-Mast awadingi ukwenza impendulo yawo - isivele ilayishiwe futhi ilindile. Yilokho okwenza ukusabela kwabo kusheshe kangaka, futhi yini eyenza ukusebenzisa okungalungile kube nzima ukuphila nakho.
Ukuminyana kwe-mast cell kuphezulu kakhulu emingceleni yomzimba. Lokhu kusatshalaliswa kuchaza ukuthi kungani izimpawu ze-MCAS zingavamile ukuhlala endaweni eyodwa.
Ku-Mast Cell Activation Syndrome, ama-mast cell akhona ngezinombolo ezijwayelekile futhi abukeka ejwayelekile ngokwesakhiwo. Okushintshile umkhawulo wabo. Zisebenza lapho kungafanele khona - ngokuzenzakalelayo, noma ukuphendula izisusa okufanele zingabonakali nhlobo, njengokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa, iphunga, ukudla, noma ukuzikhandla okuvamile komzimba.
Umphumela awulona uphawu olulodwa kodwa iphethini. Ngenxa yokuthi abalamuli bakhishwa babe yizicubu emzimbeni wonke, futhi ngenxa yokuthi labo balamuli basebenza emithanjeni yegazi, imizwa, imisipha ebushelelezi, namanye amangqamuzana okuzivikela komzimba, isiqephu esisodwa singaveza ukugeleza, inhliziyo egijimayo, ubuhlungu besisu, inkungu yobuchopho, kanye nokuphefumula ngesikhathi esisodwa. Kudokotela ongajwayelene ne-mast cell disease, leyo nhlanganisela ingase ibukeke njengezinkinga ezimbalwa ezingahlobene ezenzeka ngesikhathi esisodwa.
Izici ezimbili zichaza i-syndrome ngokomtholampilo. Okokuqala, izimpawu i-episodic ne-recurrent - beza ngamagagasi kunokuba babambelele. Okwesibili, banjalo amasistimu amaningi - zibandakanya izinhlelo zezitho ezimbili noma ngaphezulu ndawonye. Isiguli izimpawu zaso ezitholakala ohlelweni olulodwa kuphela futhi ezingaguquguquki mancane amathuba okuba sibe ne-MCAS.
Kuphinde kube nomphumela iziguli eziwubona kudala ngaphambi kokuba ziwuchaze. Ukuvezwa okungabekezeleleka ngakunye kungahlangana ukuze kuvuse ukusabela - igumbi elifudumele lilodwa lilungile, ingilazi yewayini iyodwa ilungile, kodwa kokubili ndawonye akunjalo. Kungakho i-MCAS ivame ukubonakala ingalindelekile ngaphandle kuyilapho ilandela ingqondo yangaphakathi engaguquki.
"I-MCAS yisifo sokusebenza kwe-mast cell okungalungile okuholela ekuhlanganiseni kwezimpawu eziphindaphindayo eziqhubekayo ezinhlelweni eziningi zezitho zomzimba."
- Valent et al., Izingobo Zomlando Zamazwe Ngamazwe Zokungezwani Nomzimba Nezifo Zomzimba, 2012
Okuningi kokudideka okuzungeze i-MCAS kuvela ezimeni ezifana nayo. Ukuzihlukanisa kucacisa lokho okushiwo ukuxilongwa.
Akuyona i-mastocytosis. Ku-mastocytosis, umzimba uqongelela amangqamuzana ensika amaningi kakhulu, futhi lokho okweqile kungabonakala - ku-biopsy yomnkantsha, ezilonda zesikhumba, noma ku-tryptase eyisisekelo eqhubekayo. Ku-MCAS isibalo sijwayelekile. Lona umehluko obaluleke kakhulu, futhi yingakho i-MCAS ilukhuni ukufakazela: asikho isibalo samaseli esingajwayelekile esingakhomba kuso.
Akukhona ukungezwani komzimba okuvamile. I-allergies yakudala iyimpendulo ye-IgE-mediated entweni ethile, ekhonjwayo, futhi iyakwazi ukukhiqiza kabusha - ukuchayeka okufanayo kukhiqiza ukusabela okufanayo, futhi ukuhlolwa kokungezwani komzimba kuyakuthola. Ukusabela kwe-MCAS kuvame ukungeyona i-IgE-mediated, kuvame ukuvuswa izisusa ezingokomzimba ezifana nokushisa noma ingcindezi kunamaprotheni, futhi kuvame ukubuyisela imiphumela engemihle kumaphaneli ajwayelekile okungezwani komzimba. Iziguli eziningi zifika ku-MCAS ngokuqondile ngoba ukuhlolwa kokungezwani komzimba kubuye kuhlanzekile kuyilapho izimpawu zazo zingabuyanga.
Akukona ukukhathazeka. Ukukhululwa komlamuli kuveza ngempela inhliziyo egijimayo, umuzwa wokulahlwa, ukuphelelwa umoya, kanye nenkungu yengqondo - isiginesha engokomzimba yokuhlaselwa ukwethuka, okuvela ku-immunology esikhundleni sokusebenza kwengqondo. Iziguli zivame ukutshelwa ukuthi inkinga ngeyengqondo ngaphambi kokuba kucatshangelwe isifo se-mast cell. Ukukhathazeka kungahlala kanye ne-MCAS, futhi ukuphila nesifo esingalapheki esingachazwanga ngokunengqondo kukhiqiza okuthile, kodwa akunandaba nokutholwe okuhlosiwe njengokuguquguquka, ukugcwala, noma ukuphakama komlamuli olinganisekayo.
Akukona ukuxilongwa kokungabandakanywa okumsulwa. Nakuba ezinye izimo kufanele zikhishwe, i-MCAS ishicilele imibandela yokuvumelana edinga iphethini yezimpawu ezithile, ubufakazi obuhlosiwe bokukhululwa komlamuli, kanye nempendulo yokwelashwa okuqondiswe kwe-mast-cell. Kuwukuxilongwa okuqinisekile okunezidingo zakho, hhayi nje lokho okusalayo lapho ezinye izivivinyo zingenayo.
Izibalo ezithembekile zokuvama kwe-MCAS azikabi khona. Lesi simo sabonakala ngokusemthethweni kuphela ngo-2007, indlela yokuvumelana eyalandelwa ngo-2010 nango-2012, futhi inqubo yokuxilonga isahluka kakhulu phakathi kochwepheshe naphakathi kwamazwe. Izilinganiso ezishicilelwe ziyahlukahluka kakhulu, futhi ububanzi buwumphumela ngokwawo - bubonisa ukungaqiniseki kwangempela kunenombolo elungisiwe.
Okuchazwa yizincwadi ngokuzethemba okwengeziwe isimo sesiguli. I-MCAS itholakala kaningi kwabesifazane kunabesilisa. Izimpawu zivame ukuqala lapho umuntu esemusha noma esekhulile, nakuba kubikwa ukuthi ziqala kunoma iyiphi iminyaka. Iziguli eziningi zichaza umlando wempilo yonke wokusabela ngendlela engavamile ohlelwa kamuva ube iphethini ebonakalayo.
I-MCAS nayo ihamba ngenkampani. Kubikwa ngokuhambisana ne-hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos syndrome kanye nezinye iziyaluyalu zezicubu ezixhumeneyo, kanye ne-dysautonomia ehlanganisa i-POTS. Ukuthi lokhu kumelela indlela eyabiwe eyisisekelo noma amaphethini okudlulisela agqagqene kuwumbuzo wocwaningo ovulekile esikhundleni seqiniso elixazululiwe - kodwa ngokomtholampilo, iziguli ezethula eyodwa kufanele zihlolele ezinye.
Ukuthola okungaguquki kakhulu kuwo wonke ama-akhawunti esiguli ubude bomgwaqo oya ekuxilongweni. Ngenxa yokuthi izimpawu zeqa imingcele ekhethekile, iziguli ngokuvamile ziyiswa ochungechungeni lochwepheshe abahlukene - i-gastroenterology, i-dermatology, i-cardiology, i-allergies, i-psychiatry - ngamunye wabo ohlola isifunda esisodwa senkinga yesistimu. Ngokuvamile kudlula iminyaka ngaphambi kokuba noma ubani ahlanganise isithombe sonke.
Ukuqonda indlela isisekelo. Izinsiza ezintathu ezilandelayo zakhela kuyo ngqo.
Izicupha ihlanganisa ukuthi yini eyenza ama-mast cells avale - izigaba zokuchayeka ezivame ukuthinteka, kungani izisusa ezingokomzimba ezifana nokushisa nokucindezela kubaluleke kakhulu njengokumunyisiwe, nokuthi umthelela we-threshold uchaza kanjani ukusabela okubonakala kungahleliwe.
Ukuxilongwa uhamba ngezinqubo zokuvumelana, ukuhlolwa komlamuleli okuhilelekile kanye nezidingo zabo zokuphatha ezinkulu, nokuthi kungani imiphumela engemihle ivame kakhulu ngisho nasezigulini ezinaso isimo.
Ukwelashwa ichaza izindlela zokuphatha ezisekelwe ebufakazini, kusukela ekusetshenzisweni kwesinyathelo ngesinyathelo se-antihistamine kanye nezinzamisi ze-mast cell kuya kumasu okunciphisa i-trigger iziguli ezivame ukuzithola ziphakamisa kakhulu.
Ukuze uthole isithombe esiphelele emqulwini owodwa - okuhlanganisa izimpawu ngohlelo lwesitho, isimo socwaningo, nezingcaphuno ezigcwele - bona Umhlahlandlela Wezemfundo we-MCAS.